
Projects:
Title: “Wifi/LTE/5G Antenna for Lunar Assets”.
Funded: European Space Agency (ESA)
Partners: EOSOL Group (prime contractor) and Comet SL.
Duration: 01/02/2024. 24 Months.
Our Role: Link budget analysis and antennae measurements

Title: Antennas for Underground Communications.
Funded: European Space Agency (ESA)
Partners: Universidad de Oviedo (prime contractor), Universidad de Vigo, and EOSOL Group.
Duration: November 2022 to July 2024.
Our Roles: Prime Contractor: Project management and technical coordination. Propagation analysis and model validation in test campaign. Antenna manufacturing. Antenna verification in the anechoic chamber. Antenna validation in relevant scenario (caves in Lanzarote)
Title: Lunar Caves CDF Study
Funded: European Space Agency (ESA)
Duration: April – May 2021.
Our Role: Feasibility analysis of the End-to-End communications system. In collaboration with ESA experts, Alen Space and Daedalus expert.

Title: Robotic crane for wireless power and data transmission between surface and cave.
Funded: European Space Agency (ESA)
Participants: Universidad de Oviedo (prime contractor), Universidade Vigo, and Alen Space.
Our Role: Feasibility analysis of the explorer fleet communications system. In collaboration with Alen Space.
Publications
S. Loredo, Á. Pendás-Recondo, A. M. Gómez-San-Juan, L. Pérez-Eijo, M. Arias and G. León, «Propagation in Lunar Caves: Terrestrial Measurement Campaign and Ray Tracing Modeling,» in IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation, doi: 10.1109/OJAP.2025.3573510.
S. Loredo et al., «Propagation Analysis Inside Lunar Caves,» 2025 19th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), Stockholm, Sweden, 2025, pp. 1-5, doi: 10.23919/EuCAP63536.2025.10999595.
Valcázar, D., Herrán, L. F., Fernandez Gracía, M., Gomez-San-Juan, A. M., Diz-Folgar, M., Navarro-Medina, F., Martinez Agoues, A., Gandini, E., Turchi, L., & Leon, G. (2024). Antenna development for lunar robotic exploration. 42nd ESA Antenna Workshop, 5. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.14217460
Leon, G., Loredo, S., Arias-Acuña, M., Gomez-San-Juan, A., Navarro-Medina, F., Camanzo-Mariño, A., Pendás Recondo, Á., Diz-Folgar, M., Gandini, E., Turchi, L., & Sauro, F. (2024). Deployment of a communications network to explore a Lunar cave. 75th International Astronautical Congress (IAC) (IAC2024), 5. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.14218087
S. Loredo, A. Pendás-Recondo, A. M. Gómez-Sanjuan, L. Pérez-Eijo, E. Gandini, L. Turchi, M. Arias, G. León, (2024). Analysis of a communication network inside a lunar lava cave. European Lunar Symposium 2024. Dumfries (Scotland, U.K.).
Outreach
G. León. La exploración de las cuevas de la Luna: siguiente paso hacia una base humana estable. TheConversation. July 2024.